Process of forging projectiles.



P. S. WHITE.

PROCESS OF FORG-ING PROJECTILES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14, 1913.

1,131,973. Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ll/VEIVME P. S. WHITE.

PROCESS OF FORGING PROJECTILES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14, 1913.

1,131,973, Patented Mar.16, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES: INVENTOI? UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I mucrs or ranssnvame.

f'oall whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS S. Warm, a

' citizen of the United States, residing at Philgrain and impart thereto a high degree of toughness.

It is diflicult, with the generally used methods of forging, to attain the above results with uniformity, the difliculty arising from the shape of the article. The tendency v is for the projectile to be of inferior quality at the point, which is precisely where it is most important that the same should be of the highest quality.

. My improved process is especially intend-' ed and adapted to so operate upon the pro 25 jectileas a whole and particularly upon the point thereof, as to insure the production,

especially at the point, of the finest possible grain and the greatest possible toughness;

therebyincreasing its penetrating power and reducing the liability to shatter upon imact.

p It is well known that, in general, and within certain limits, the greater the reduction in diameter produced by forging, the {ggeater the extent to which the grain is reed. In the ordinary process of forging projectiles it is necessary, before the reduction of the projectile to its ultimate diameter, to reheat and reforge. The reheating operation necessarily destroys the grain produced by the initial forging, and while reforging again refines the grain it does not I do so to the extent that would be attained if Another objection to the ordinary process of forging projectiles is the high temperature of the forging heat, this being necessary in order that the dies, which contact with the ingot throughout substantially its entire area, may effectively operate.

My invention contemplates the use of dies that act, at any given operation, upon only Specification of Letters mm Application ma number 14, ma Serial No. 800,822.

Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

a part of the surface of the ingot; thereby enabling the forging heat to be at a lower temperature.

To carry out my improved process I employ a new and improved pair or set of forging dies, although the practice of the process is not limited to dies of any particular structure.

To aid in the understanding of my invention, I have illustrated these dies, as well as the projectile itself after forging and after turning.

Figure 1 is a view showing, in full lines, the shape of the projectile after forging and, in dotted lines, the shape of the finished projectile after turning; Fig. 2 is a front view of the forgin dies; Fig. 3 is a'plan view of the lower %orging die;and Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

The lower die comprises the members a and c, which may be integral, although this is not necessary. The upper die comprises the members b and d, which may alsobe' either integral, or separate. The die members a and b operate upon and shape the rear half or base of the projectile, while the die members 0 and d operate upon and she e the front half, or. point, of the projectile. After the ingot is cast, the rear half of the projectile is placed upon the die member a,

- which, as shown, has straight side walls conand there rounded to merge one with theother. The face of the upper die member b is fiat. The upper die member 6 is alternately lifted and depressed, the projectile being turned after each action, thereby shap ing, and reducing the cross-section of, the rear half of the projectile and imparting to it the desired qualitieseof fine grain and toughness. After the completion of this operation the front half of the projectile is placed upon the die member 0.

Each of the die members a and d has a working face which in cross-section is concave with rounded corners extending toward the edges of the die, and the walls of which converge, similarly to the outer wall of the projectile, from rear to front, leaving at the front of the die an opening which is contracted in height and relatively wide in width. It will be noted that while thecrosssectional form of the die is similar in the front to its cross-sectional form at the rear, the concavely shaped central portion at the front is relatively short, measuring across the die, while the conversely rounded portion is relatively long.

The operation of the dies 6' and (l is, geuerally s eaking, the same as that of dies (1 and b. hat is the die (1 is alternately raised and lowered while the front half of the 'rojectile rests on the die a and the rear alf of the projectile is held by jaws suspended from a crane, the projectile being turned as the operation proceeds. The metal dis placed by the forging action, seeking the line of least resistance flows forwardly through the opening between the die members at the contracted end of the die until, at the conclusion of the operation, the projectile has assumed the shape shown at w in full lines, Fig. 1.' The projectile is prevented from slipping back in the diesv by the friction between the projectile and dies.

The flow of the metal toward and beyond the ultimate front extremity, or point Having now fully described my invention, I

what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. The process of making projectiles which consists in casting the ingot with a front portion gradually decreasing in diameter, and, while holding the ingot from substantial longitudinal movement, applying a forging pressure to substantially the entire front portion while causing the metal thereof to flow longitudinally in a forward direction toward and beyond its ultimate pointed extremity.

2. The process of making projectiles which consists in casting the ingot, forging the rear portion of the same into approximately cylindrical form, and, while holding the ingot from substantial longitudinal movement, applying a forging pressure to substantially the entire front portion while causing the metal thereof to flow longitudinally in a forward direction toward and beyond its ultimate pointed extremity.

3. The process of making projectiles which consists in casting the ingot with a front portion gradually decreasing in diameter, applying a forging pressure to its rear portion along lines extending longitudinally thereof, and while holding the ingot from substantial longitudinal movement,

applying a forging pressure to substantially 3 i the entire front portion while causing the metal thereof to flow longitudinally in a forward direction toward and beyond its ultimate pointed extremity to form a reduced approximately cylindrical shaped head, and then turning the article to its finished shape and removing said head.

In testimony of which invention, I have hereunto set my hand, at Philadelphia, on this 10th day of November, 1913.

FRANCIS S. WHITE.

Witnesses M. M. HAMILTON, E. E. WALL. 

